Grade retention during compulsory education in Europe

Regulations and statistics

The study compares how grade retention making pupils repeat a school year is applied in schools across Europe and produces an inventory of the legislations and practices in place. It shows that those practices vary greatly between countries: whether a child has to repeat a year at school depends more on the educational culture concerned and teacher appraisal than on the child's performance. It was produced for the Commission by the Eurydice network and covers 31 countries (all EU Member States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Turkey)

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Corporate author(s):

European Commission,

EACEA — Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency

Private author(s):

Olga Borodankova,

Ana Sofia Almeida Coutinho

Themes:

Education policy,

Teaching

Target audience:

Education

Key words:

primary education,

education policy,

education statistics,

backwardness at school,

compulsory education,

EFTA,

Turkey,

EU Member State